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Ask The Wizard #54

Over the years, while observing the Quinto lottery draws in Washington State, I’ve come to a realization. This game, which utilizes a deck of 52 cards, involves drawing 5 cards. It appears that most of the time, draws include cards from three suits. If we look at poker odds, the likelihood of drawing cards from a single suit, specifically a flush, stands at just about 5148 chances out of approximately 2.6 million. So, what are the probabilities for drawing 2, 3, or even all 4 suits?

Kevin from Tacoma, Washington

Let’s express f(x,y) to denote the probability of drawing x cards from one suit and y cards from another. This concept is not restricted to just two variables.

For two variables, the equation can be represented as f(x,y)= combin(13,x)*combin(13,y)*12/combin(52,5).

For three variables, we can write it as f(x,y,z)= combin(13,x)*combin(13,y)*combin(13,z)*12/combin(52,5).

For four variables, the formula f(w,x,y,z) is given by combin(13,w)*combin(13,x)*combin(13,y)*combin(13,z)*4/combin(52,5).

The probability of obtaining cards from all four suits can be calculated using COMBIN(13,1).3*COMBIN(13,2)*4/combin(52,5) = 26.37%.

When considering the probability of three suits appearing, the calculation is COMBIN(13,3)*COMBIN(13,1).2*12 + COMBIN(13,1)*COMBIN(13,2)^2*12/combin(52,5) = 58.84%

The probability of drawing cards from two suits combines multiple considerations: COMBIN(13,3)*COMBIN(13,2)*12 + COMBIN(13,4)*COMBIN(13,1)*12/combin(52,5) yields approximately 14.59%.

The likelihood of drawing from just one suit, which includes both straight and royal flushes, is calculated as 4*combin(13,5)/combin(52,5), amounting to 0.20%.

From my observations, drawing three suits seems to be the most common result.

Which game would be optimal for utilizing a match play coupon?

Rob

To clarify, let’s explain what a match play coupon entails for those unfamiliar. This coupon is typically featured in casino promotional booklets. When a player places a qualifying even money bet alongside the match play coupon, it transforms into an equivalent amount of cash if the wager results in a win. For instance, if a player holds a $5 match play coupon and places a $5 bet on red in roulette, a win on that bet results in earning $5 in cash and converting the match play into an additional $5. No matter the outcome, whether winning or losing, the match play coupon is forfeited. In cases of a tie, the player retains the coupon.

In the context of blackjack, utilizing the Match Play tends to yield just an even money payout. This results in a reduced worth of the Match Play by around 2.3%, which is quite significant. Among true even money bets, the Player bet in baccarat is the wisest choice for applying a match play, with a winning probability of 49.32%. In contrast, the don’t pass option in craps has a slightly lower probability of 49.30%. Therefore, the effective value of the Match Play when used on the Player bet is 47.95% of its original value, on the assumption that the player wouldn't have made that bet otherwise.

In a blackjack game utilizing a continuous shuffling machine with 5 decks, what would the consequences be if the dealer chooses not to return the discarded cards into the machine after each hand, specifically when 24 out of 52 discarded cards are face cards? What if it increased to 48 out of 102 cards? And how would the implications change if 44 out of 52 were non-face cards? Is there a significant risk of favoring the house? I suspect that leaving face cards in the discard pile significantly boosts the odds in favor of the casino.

Doug from Vancouver, Canada

While calculating the precise numbers may prove complex, your assumption holds merit; the dealer indeed has an advantage if numerous high cards remain in the discard pile while small cards are returned to play. This paradigm mirrors preferential shuffling, where the dealer chooses to shuffle a good count but proceeds with the deal during detrimental counts. Such practices are known to occur here in Las Vegas, making your observations not surprising.

Could you elaborate on the 'cut card effect' as it pertains to Blackjack? Why isn't this factor included when people refer to basic strategy house edges for varying deck counts, instead of presenting house edges that take this aspect into consideration?

Andrew from Melbourne, Australia

I delve into the cut card effect in depth in my work, but essentially, most house edge statistics are calculated assuming a game without a cut card. This approach is likely rooted in tradition and the desire for straightforward mathematics. Nonetheless, you raise an important point that adjusting the house edge statistics to reflect the presence of the cut card would enhance accuracy. That said, I continue to base my house edge calculations on the initial hand drawn from a freshly shuffled deck. Analyzing blackjack without factoring in the cut card effect can be challenging enough. blackjack appendix 10 I've encountered multiple mentions regarding instances of bonus exploitation by players from Denmark. Do you have any insights into what's occurring? What actions are being taken, and how can we prevent ourselves from falling into the category of bonus abusers?

While I don’t possess all the specifics, it’s clear that bonus abuse is prevalent among players from Denmark. To avoid being classified as a bonus abuser, it’s advisable to play well beyond the minimum requirements set by the casino. While I hesitate to provide an exact figure, it's wise to exceed the requirements by at least 100%. Engaging in actual play at casinos where you receive frequent bonuses also helps mask your intentions. If you only wager during promotional events, it may appear you’re not a genuine player. In general, exercise caution and avoid excessive greed.

Rich

I have a query about 'progressive betting' strategies, similar to 'Another Experiment', particularly regarding Player 2 highlighted on your Betting Strategies page. It's clear that during standard blackjack gameplay, players encounter streaks of wins and losses. Where does the flawed reasoning lie in the approach of 'minimizing losses by resetting to 1 unit and enhancing winning streaks by increasing the bet by 1 unit for each win?' To share my experience, I actually implement a slight variation of that approach: 15, 30, 45, 50, 75, 100, 125, and so on. Thank you for your time. And please avoid embarrassing me like Ann did on The Weakest Link; I truly enjoy your site and appreciate all the valuable information.

Progressive betting systems, like the one you've described, can enhance a successful gaming session significantly without the high risk of catastrophic losses associated with regressive systems like the Martingale method. However, these progressive methods can also turn mediocre sessions into unfavorable ones. Consider what might occur if, throughout your entire session, you consistently alternated between winning and losing. In this scenario, the wins would occur at $15 while the losses would be at $30. By the way, speaking of the 'Weakest Link', I auditioned for that show last summer but wasn’t selected. Perhaps it’s for the best, as I don’t think I possess the quick wit required to counter Ann's remarks.

Chad R. from Memphis, Tennessee

I provide mathematically sound strategies and insights for various casino games, including but not limited to blackjack, craps, and roulette, as well as countless others.