Ask The Wizard #179
When rolling two dice repeatedly until one of the following outcomes occurs, which outcome is statistically more likely to appear first?
- Rolling a six and an eight in any sequence, with the possibility of rolling the same number multiple times.
- A total of seven is rolled twice.
Someone proposed a wager to me that the six and eight would show up before my expected seven. I took the bet, despite knowing that a seven is statistically favored. Unfortunately, I ended up losing $2,500 through repeated plays. Can you inform me about the probabilities involved?
Regrettably, you were on the less favorable side of that wager. The chance of getting two sevens before a six or an eight appears is 45.44%. This table outlines all potential outcomes, with the first column indicating the sequence of rolls that lead to the bet's result, disregarding all other combinations.
Two Sevens before Six and Eight Bet
Relevant Rolls | Probability | Formula | Outcome |
6,8 | 0.142045 | (5/16)*(5/11) | Lose |
8,6 | 0.142045 | (5/16)*(5/11) | Lose |
6,7,8 | 0.077479 | (5/16)*(6/11)*(5/11) | Lose |
7,6,8 | 0.053267 | (6/16)*(5/16)*(5/11) | Lose |
8,7,6 | 0.077479 | (5/16)*(6/11)*(5/11) | Lose |
7,8,6 | 0.053267 | (6/16)*(5/16)*(5/11) | Lose |
7,7 | 0.140625 | (6/16)*(6/16) | Win |
6,7,7 | 0.092975 | (5/16)*(6/11)*(6/11) | Win |
8,7,7 | 0.092975 | (5/16)*(6/11)*(6/11) | Win |
7,6,7 | 0.06392 | (6/16)*(5/16)*(6/11) | Win |
7,8,7 | 0.06392 | (6/16)*(5/16)*(6/11) | Win |
Essentially, the six and eight have an advantage because you can roll them in either sequence: you can get a six first and then an eight or vice versa. In contrast, obtaining two sevens can only occur in one specific order: a seven followed by another seven.
Dear Wizard, I played at South Point At a casino in Las Vegas, I participated in a promotion which promised to double my cashback rewards through Chevron Gas cards. Although the rules didn't specify a limit on the gas cards, when I attempted to redeem my rewards, I was told that I could only receive a maximum of $500 in gas cards. I’ve seen other players cashing out over $1,000, making me feel unfairly treated. Would you agree that this is an unreasonable policy by South Point? I invested a lot of money to earn those gas cards, expecting a much higher return than $500. Thank you.
I’m aware of this promotion. During my recent visit to South Point, I came across a flyer for this offer, but it hadn't officially started at that time. The flyer did not indicate any restrictions, and when I inquired with a staff member, he was unsure. While I empathize with your situation, I believe your argument would be stronger if you had confirmed prior to playing that there were no limits on the cards. In my view, it’s unprofessional to promote an offer with ambiguous rules, allowing casinos to interpret them in ways that benefit them later. Hence, I prefer to ask questions before I start playing rather than making assumptions.
If I were in charge of designing a promotion, I'd think through every conceivable question or scenario that might arise and create rules to prevent such misunderstandings. I agree that inconsistently applying rules is unjust. It may be acceptable for them to classify you under a restricted player list, but there should be a mention of this in the promotion's fine print, allowing you to check whether you fall under that category. This is slightly outside my expertise, so take my comments lightly.
On a Crapless Craps At a gaming table in Tunica, you have the option to place bets on the numbers 2, 3, 11, and 12. You mentioned the house edge for placing those numbers but didn’t provide the edge for a bought bet. What is the house edge when purchasing a $30 bet on 12, considering I only pay a $1 commission (rounded down from $1.50) when I win? According to my calculations, it’s roughly 0.47%, which seems like a very favorable wager. I arrived at this by evaluating the total monetary exchanges on all decision rolls ($211, including the vig) versus the total lost ($1). Am I calculating this correctly? I want to confirm so I can be sure it is indeed a very attractive bet! Please elaborate on how you determined the house edge too, so I can verify my own reasoning. Thanks a lot!
I wasn't aware that Crapless Craps featured a buy bet. The next table outlines the house edges for both place and buy bets, assuming there is no rounding of winnings. Referring to your example of a $30 buy bet on either 2 or 12, the total winnings would be 6*$30-$1=$179. Therefore, the expected return can be calculated as [(1/7)*$179 + (6/7)*-$30] / $30 = -0.0048, which is very close to your estimate.
Analyzing Place and Buy Bets in Crapless Craps and the odds for buying in Crapless Craps.
Bet | Pays | Prob. Win | House Edge |
Place 2, 12 | 11 to 2 | 0.142857 | 0.071429 |
Place 3,11 | 11 to 4 | 0.25 | 0.0625 |
Buy 2, 12 (commission only on wins) | 119 to 20 | 0.142857 | 0.007143 |
Buy 3,11 (commission only on wins) | 59 to 20 | 0.25 | 0.0125 |
Buy 2, 12 (commission always) | 119 to 21 | 0.142857 | 0.047619 |
Buy 3.11 (commission always) | 59 to 21 | 0.25 | 0.047619 |
Recently, I experienced a remarkable streak while playing deuces wild video poker in Las Vegas. During that weekend, I was fortunate enough to hit three natural royal flushes. To break it down, let’s say I played approximately 10,000 hands that weekend. What would be the likelihood of achieving this feat again? I appreciate any insights you can provide!
The Poisson distribution can effectively address this type of inquiry. The general formula is e^-m * m^x / x!, where x represents the number of occurrences you witnessed, and m is the expected figure. In this scenario, x is 3. The probability of obtaining a royal flush in ‘deuces wild’ is 0.000023. Thus, the anticipated number across 10,000 hands would be 0.23. Consequently, the probability of exactly three royal flushes appearing in those 10,000 hands is given by e^-0.23 * 0.23^3 / 3! = 0.161%. The corresponding Excel formula for this is poisson(3,0.23,0).-m*mxI was engaged in a one-on-one double-deck Blackjack game at a casino in Louisiana. I made a substantial bet and decided to double down with a 4 and a 7 against the dealer's 4. I organized my cards in front of my chips and increased my bet accordingly. The dealer revealed his hand, which consisted of a 4 and a 2, and then he drew a ten and a three. To our dismay, we realized that the dealer had forgotten to give me my double down card. The floor manager decided in favor of the dealer, declaring my hand lost since I had eleven against nineteen. I requested to receive the ten and draw my card from the 4+2+3 situation. However, the floor informed me that they could not revisit previous cards and all he could offer was a return of my original bet. The next card drawn from the deck was a ten, which would have completed my 21 against the dealer's 19. I'm scheduled to meet with the casino’s table games manager to discuss possible compensation. What would be the best way to approach the manager regarding this incident? Is it typical for players to receive compensation for such errors? Not so Ugly Ducks deuces wild Casinos are generally hesitant to reverse card decisions because it could lead to issues for players who benefitted from any mistakes. The standard policy states that if a mistake involves more than one card, the hand is deemed void. However, in practice, many casinos choose to relax the rules occasionally to keep players satisfied. For instance, I was playing blackjack alone at the Venetian recently, and after I doubled down, the dealer mistakenly thought I chose to stand and revealed his hand, hitting it with a 4. I alerted the dealer to the error, and the pit boss provided me with a choice: I could either keep the 4 as my double down card or choose to have it discarded for the next card in the deck. I opted for the discard; unfortunately, the next card drawn was another 4, and I lost. I was pleased with how the situation was handled, and the pit boss even ordered the dealer to push my bet, which I thought was really thoughtful. Returning to your situation, as long as the floor restored your complete bet, I believe their actions were consistent with established procedures.-0.23*0.233Given that a Straight Flush occurs roughly four times more frequently than a Royal Flush, why do its payouts remain so much lower, approximately 16 times less? I acknowledge that this may not be practical. Would it not be reasonable to adjust the rewards for each hand in accordance with their respective frequencies?
The odds of hitting a royal flush are 22.65% in comparison to a straight flush, yet the prize for a royal is 16 times higher. Overall, a straight flush contributes only 0.55% to the game's return. It seems the straight flush doesn't receive the recognition it deserves in most video poker formats; it is a bit neglected. I can only guess that game developers aimed for a significant jackpot prize. After all, nobody enjoys being the runner-up, which may explain why the original designers assigned a lower payout for straight flushes.
I believe one of the crucial aspects of gambling is recognizing when it's time to stop playing. The stories I frequently hear from gamblers revolve around having a winning streak in a particular game, only to lose it all in the end. Many players tend to continue wagering until they have exhausted their entire bankroll.
I’m curious; is there a way to calculate an optimal range for wins and losses? For instance, is there a specific number of losses that would indicate it's unlikely for a player to recover and suggest they should quit? Similarly, could there be a win amount that signals a player has made respectable gains, considering the odds at play, prompting them to walk away?
Good question. In 9/6 jacks or better People often ask me various versions of this question. If you're playing a game that has a negative expectation—which is nearly always the case—the best strategy for preserving your money is to refrain from playing altogether. Nevertheless, if you choose to play simply for enjoyment, there's no definitive point at which to quit. The more you play, the more likely it is to continue losing relative to your current bankroll. I've said it before and will reiterate: a good time to walk away is when you're no longer enjoying the experience.
Learn mathematically sound strategies and insights for casino games such as blackjack, craps, roulette, and countless others.
Please check your inbox for the email we sent you, and follow the link included to finalize your registration.
Explore the Top Online Casinos Available in Your Region